Lady Macbeth, Macbeths One-of-a-Kind Woman Essay

Macbeths One-of-a-Kind Woman Shakespeares Macbeth portrays the indomitable, manipulative character of Lady Macbeth through bold, sinister actions. Her character will be the subject of this essay. Lily B. Campbell in her volume of criticism, Shakespeares Tragic Heroes: Slaves of Passion, examines the effect of sin on the life of the first lady: Act v presents swiftly and relentlessly the results of passion, of the passion which has become mortal sin. First it is Lady Macbeth that we see enduring the fate of the sinful in whom fear and remorse have already begun to effect the punishment for evil. That Shakespeare chose to manifest Lady Macbeths melancholy as a disturbance in her sleep shows that he†¦show more content†¦The passions are directed to their true end. Lady Macbeth is merely detested; and though the courage of Macbeth preserves some esteem, yet every reader rejoices at his fall. (133) L.C. Knights in the essay Macbeth describes the unnaturalness of Lady Macbeths words and actions: Thus the sense of the unnaturalness of evil is evoked not only be repeated explicit references (natures mischief, nature seems dead, Tis unnatural, even like the deed thats done, and so on) but by the expression of unnatural sentiments and an unnatural violence of tone in such things as Lady Macbeths invocation of the spirits who will unsex her, and her affirmation that she would murder the babe at her breast if she had sworn to do it. (95) In Macbeth as the Imitation of an Action Francis Fergusson specifies the fears within Lady Macbeth: I do not need to remind you of the great scenes preceding the murder, in which Macbeth and his Lady pull themselves together for their desperate effort. If you think over these scenes, you will notice that the Macbeths understand the action which begins here as a competition and a stunt, against reasonShow MoreRelatedMacbeth by William Shakespeare1293 Words   |  5 PagesThe play, â€Å"Macbeth† is one of William Shakespeare’s tragic plays written approximately in 1606. The play centres on Macbeth who is a general in King Duncan’s army. Upon returning from a successful battle, Macbeth is confronted by three witches who claim they know the future. The three witches tell Macbeth that he will be the future King. The events that occur after this encounter between Macbeth and the witches are what makes this play a tragedy. This essay will focus on the treatment of gender inRead MoreFair Is Foul and Foul Is Fair1004 Words   |  5 Pagesfoul and foul is fair†. The text Macbeth is asphyxiated in themes of treachery, dishonesty, deception shown by the quote â€Å"Fair is foul and foul is fair†. 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Lady Macbeth also plays a strong role in his moral corruption. ... the influence of Lady Macbeth (though she too has an inarticulateRead MoreLady Macbeths Ironical Fate Essay1597 Words   |  7 PagesPatricia S#225;nchez Calvo Lady Macbeths Ironical Fate Evil is a deceiving force. It can help you reach your goals but evils gains are always bitter and two-faced. In Shakespeares tragedy Macbeth, the character of Lady Macbeth chooses the path of evil to fulfill her unscrupulous ambition; nevertheless, all that evil brings to her is madness and restlessness. Evil is a powerful force throughout the play; it influences the two main characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, to commit heinous crimesRead MoreFeminism in Macbeth1712 Words   |  7 PagesFeminism is the Source of Tragedy in Macbeth Behind every successful man there is a ruthless woman pushing him along to gain her own personal successes. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Lady Macbeth causes Macbeths downfall. With the faults and lies of Lady Macbeth, marriage is Macbeth’s big mistake. Lady Macbeth turns his courageous conquests on the fields of war into butchery. Mangled by the blood-spotted hands of his wife he becomes a traitor to himself, the people around him, and even her. In theRead MoreMacbeth and His Downfall1613 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss Macbeth’s Ruin... People and decisions can greatly affect the outcome of a persons life determining whether the outcome will be successful or disastrous. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, there are two factors that contributed to Macbeths ruin. One of them being more to blame: The influential character of Lady Macbeth displaying temptation towards Macbeth, or Macbeths own ambitious and insecure nature. There are questions whether Macbeths downfall might have displayed more for his own blameRead MoreLady Macbeth, By William Shakespeare Essay1674 Words   |  7 PagesThe obvious reading of this passage would be of Lady Macbeth as domineering and manipulative in pursuit of her own goals. But that reading discounts the loyalty and dedication she has shown to Macbeth and his success. By encouraging violence through questioning his manhood, masculinity and violence become inextricably linked. This connection essentially defines masculinity as violence within the world of Macbeth. The relationship between po wer, violence, and masculinity alienate women and power andRead MoreHow Shakespeares Macbeth Challenges the View of Typical Manhood1037 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth written by William Shakespeare brought the attention of the audience through the violence and the unexpected plot. Through the actions of the protagonist, he portrays many different ideas. One of the ideas he questions is manhood as it deals it in a unconventional way. Instead of portraying the protagonist actions that portray manhood, he has to struggle with the definition of manhood throughout the play. Additionally Shakespeare has shown different viewpoints of men and women in the playRead MoreGender And Gender Roles In William Shakespeares Macbeth1397 Words   |  6 Pageson a patron, King James I, of his acting company. The tragedy was Macbeth, and it was about a Scottish nobleman who committed unimaginable acts for his own gain and benefit simply because of a prophecy. Shakespeare had demolished the stereotypes g iven by society to men and women in that time period by creating his characters to be the exact opposite of what was expected. This is evident in Macbeth’s opinion of his wife, Lady Macbeth’s shocking personality and in the three witches’ mocking and darkRead MoreChanging Relationship Between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth1173 Words   |  5 PagesHow does the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth change throughout the play? In the early stages of the play, the Macbeths seem to be a devoted couple. Their love and concern for each other remains strong and constant throughout the play, but their relationship changes dramatically following the ruthless killing of King Duncan in Act II. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth and his lady are very close, this is supported by how he referred to her in his letter as â€Å"my dearest partner of

The Highest Amount Of Gun Control Laws - 1362 Words

Daniel Danzo Research Paper America has the highest amount of gun related deaths each year in the world. â€Å"In Germany 381, in France 255, in Canada 165 in the United Kingdom 68, in Australia 65, in Japan 39 and in the United States, 11,127† (Moore Michael, 51:15-51:48). Since the United States has the highest number of deaths, it is important to have gun-control laws that restrict people from owning dangerous firearms like machine guns. Gun-control laws should support both sides of the debate. Of course, both sides will not be completely happy with the laws created, but America should have a balance. In 2008, a poll was taken stating: â€Å"Adult poll respondents’ views on the meaning of the Second Amendment; An individual’s right to bear arms: Republican 51% and Democrats 41%† (The History of the Right to Bear Arms). Today, the United States is more divided on gun-control than it has ever been. The Second Amendment states: â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being ne cessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed†(Milestones in Federal Gun Control Legislation). Unless the Second Amendment is changed, we cannot take the right from others to own guns. However, the government should regulate the types of gun Americans can own and who can own a gun because times have changed and American’s mental health system is broken. Decades ago, the United States was once a country where a gun was considered to survive and protect. â€Å"AsShow MoreRelatedCalifornia And Washington Dc : The Highest Gun Murder Rate938 Words   |  4 PagesCalifornia in 2011 had the highest gun murder rate with 1,220 homicides, which accounted for 68 percent or 3.25 gun murders per every 100,000 people. 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Strategic Management of MYOB-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Straetgic Management of MYOB. Answer: Introduction The topic presents a literature review to demonstrate the various concepts of a strategic information system to respond to the corporate business initiatives. The strategic objectives are aligned with the information and data and ensure that the company gains a competitive advantage in business with ease and effectiveness. The products and services of the company are offered at lower prices by proper management of strategic information system within MYOB, which has been considered as the case study on this topic. The SIM also allows the organisation to focus n differentiation of products and target various market segments. The Strategic information management or SIM is an effective aspect of the information technology system that allows for categorising, storing, processing and managing transfer and exchange of data and information with ease and effectiveness (Abdelhak, Grostick and Hanken 2014). The SIM also allows for utilisation of analytical tools to the information repositories for identifying growth scopes and opportunities and enhance the efficiency of business operations and processes. Literature review Current organisational structure The business organisation chosen here as the case study is Myob or Mind Your Own Business, which is an Australian multinational company that delivers tax, accounting and other services to the small and medium sized organisations by using the accounting software packages. There are different types of organisational structure, but here the functional structure has been considered as effective for the organisation. The functional structure has helped the accounting company to manage activities like coordination, supervision and allocation of tasks in an effective manner. This structure also allows for grouping the people altogether and organises the human resources according to their functional abilities (Abhayawansa and Guthrie 2014). Though the drawbacks of this kind of organisational structure include lack of flexible communication, still the operational efficiency can be achieved by making the employees become specialists within the own area of expertise. The Functional structure ha s helped in making the organisation grouped according to the purpose, ensure that the efficiency of all the departments of accounting is brought with the help of talent and knowledge of its workers, and by supporting own self. Various departments of the organization use the accounting software, and it can help in managing the business operations and processes effectively (Arvidsson, Holmstrm and Lyytinen 2014). Operational issues Few of the operational issues that can be faced by business organisations like Myob include lack of communication, which can result in inaccurate sharing and exchange of information. This reduces coordination between the business functions. The responsibility for gaining profit is present at the top-level only, and due to this, there is a slow adaptation to changes in the business environment. Prior to making decisions, the files consisting of information pass through various phases and very little value is added. Due to the involvement of multiple specialists, it becomes difficult to blame a particular accounting service or operational malfunctioning (Boonstra 2013). The poor communication is another operational issue that reduces flexibility and innovation. When every worker of the organisation manages business operations and functions together, only a certain number of individuals can focus on the strategic direction, which further creates problems while making business decisions. The IT system might want to implement a new computer system whereas the overall objectives of the company are to manage investments in the new services delivered. These are the different operational issues that may be faced by the organization (Bradshaw, Pulakanam and Cragg 2015). Most effective system acquisition method Among the other methods such as commercial and custom software, the Enterprise resource planningor ERP has been considered as the most effective for the management of major business operations and processes in real time environment and managed by software and technology. The ERP has been beneficial for shaping the future by looking at the entire operations at various levels and manage reporting and transfer of information and data 24*7, thereby creating enough opportunities for Myob to plan for future approaches to success. The bottom line is increased and creates better scopes and opportunities with the help of ERP software (Cragg, Mills and Suraweera 2013). The ERP software used is MYOB Exo that provides flexibility in creating a while business management solution and maintain easy accounting and GL functions with ease. This software helps in providing support at multiple locations in Australia and all around the world, enables an integrated Customer relationship management or CRM strategy, manage proper project cost functionality, payroll, time and resources along with extensive landed cost and tracking of shipments by ensuring proper flow of processes and checklists (Haux et al. 2013). The MYOB Exo is effective because it provides reliable accounting management solutions as well as enhance the abilities of the company by managing tax properly, billing, invoice delivery, reporting and other financial and accounting services. Development of a system flowchart of sales procedures Control issues in the system As Myob is specialised in cloud accounting services, so it is always necessary to manage proper security for the financial and accounting systems, ensure that the strategic information system functions properly, and bring out positive outcomes with ease and effectiveness. One of the major control issues in the system of Myob include lack of data security, and nearly 50 percent of the survey respondents of Software Advice have considered it as a major problem (Myob.com 2017). This could create complexities and issues and make the online content vulnerable to hackers, fraud activities and other threats such as loss of important data and information (Laudon and Laudon 2016). The system has been unable to become novice-friendly, because of which many employees faced issues in managing the manual accounting processes properly. To overcome these kinds of issues, it is important for Myob to invest heavily on the designing of security architecture and industry practices for securing the user access controls and manage processes of approval effectively. The company must also provide training and development programs to the staffs for making them habituated with the new manual accounting processes and ensure that the limitations of old solutions are reduced (Lin and Wang 2012). Myob has even provided free webinars to the essential users of Myob for making them skilful and knowledge in handling accounting processes with ease and effectiveness. Development and adoption of the accounting software packages One of the major effective software package adopted by the organisation includes MYOB Exo, which offers extensive financial and business management solutions. The software package has been adopted because of its flexible design that helps in developing solutions as well as satisfies the needs of business ranging from financial management, customer relationship management, management of business operations and processes, management of supply chain and distribution (Myob.com 2017). It also facilitates the efficiency of other business management solutions such as costing of job, management of stocks, payroll and human resource management activities, business intelligence, etc. Another reason for adopting the software package is its ability to create a big picture that allows for further decision making in business. The software package is also intuitive, innovative and can be customised that further allows for gaining a unified solution to monitor the performance and manage the business in a well-organised manner (Pearlson, Saunders and Galletta 2016). The accounting software package has been developed within a SQL database that is flexible and includes various management solutions to deliver a solution and create convenience for the business administrator. The accounting software packages that are custom-made can help in delivering real time business process integration as well as enhance the ways of managing the financial assets with ease and effectiveness. The accounting software package can help Myob to handle various accounting areas including payable accounts, receivable accounts, billing, expense, management of payroll, reports, timesheets and general ledger too (Peppard and Ward 2016). The accounts payable indicate the area where the company provides its bills while the accounts receivable can help in determining the area the company provides finance that has been owed. These are all the modules that have been present in the accounting software package. It boasts of a specialised solution that considers all the business fea tures while strong protection algorithms are used for reducing chances of any theft or misuse of information. The software package has a clear and simple interface that can help to focus on individual work and reduce the costs of training and development too (Spraakman et al. 2015). The current size of market In the present days, the organisation has invested huge amounts of money to utilise the cloud computing for the management of business accounting. The accounting software package has helped in creating a sustainable place in the Australian Securities Exchange, and investors have managed to purchase much over the offer price that was placed earlier. The market debut has experienced a huge rise in the shares of MYOB, Australia. The value of the initiative was $3.65 a share price that further raised more than $800 million (Willcocks 2013). The stocks of Myob kept increasing as high as $3.90 as it opened its trade. According to the initial price of shares, the market size is huge for Myob and the business worth more than $2.5 billion (Myob.com 2017). Leaders in market and what allowed them to gain competitive advantage There are other leaders within the financial accounting business industry such as Medibank, Archer Capital and Bain capital. It is one of the major investment firms in Australia and includes a total number of assets of $75 billion that has created a long lasting positive effect on the investors, teams, business as well as the communities. The company has managed to create value by developing effective teams through the management of private equity, public equity, investments of a capital venture, fixed income and credit, etc. across various business sectors and industries (Wu et al. 2013). The company has maintained a lower cost of production and a better mix of customers that has helped in creating a huge market share of the industry's economic profit. The scale of business often brings competitive benefits and Myob has successfully managed to focus on the scales of building to spread the costs over a wide base and influence the market conditions, thereby gaining competitive benefit s from most of the experiences with ease and effectiveness. Myob Finance has acquired the accounting solutions provider named BankLink at the cost of more than $136m (Myob.com 2017). This effective deal helped the organisation to develop a strategic move to expand its business offerings and furthermore deliver enhanced accounting services to people with ease and efficiency (Yigitbasioglu, Mackenzie and Low 2013). Due to the acquisition, the financial position of the company has been strengthened which has generated good revenue, stable EBITDA margins and management of the good flow of cash. The synergy between quality services of MYOB and the secure, appropriate and reliable bank feeds has influenced the companys efficiency to deliver superior cloud offerings (Abdelhak, Grostick and Hanken 2014). Major gaps or challenges faced by customers of accounting software There are major challenges faced by customers of accounting software such as lack of security though there is the presence of a firewall. The reporting services are weaker which prevent many cases where data is needed to be imported or retrieved. The lack of data appropriateness, efficiency and reliability often are experienced due to the outdated software packages that can even slow down the system and create errors. The accounting software packages offer fewer features at a high price, which is a major issue faced by the customers. The absence of bank reconciliation feature prevents bank and credit card accounts reconciliation and may even reduce the capabilities of business to identify errors including duplication of data, wrong assumptions made, etc (Abhayawansa and Guthrie 2014). The Customer Relationship Management is also weak, and the accounting software package may not be compatible with different systems as well. There is no 24/7 technical support, which also results in fac ing challenges to fix the accounting software issues and the services are not even provided timely. Therefore, these are the issues that may be experienced by customers of accounting software (Boonstra 2013). To overcome these challenges, it is recommended to manage passwords to protect the computer system and the files of the company. A firewall needs to be installed for preventing internet intruders while Windows User Account Control must be enabled for protecting the computer system from viruses and malwares and furthermore reduce the risks of installing unauthorised software packages within the company's computer systems (Bradshaw, Pulakanam and Cragg 2015). Conclusion The research topic focused on the management of a strategic information system considering the business organization MYOB in Australia. A literature review has been presented for demonstrating the use of accounting software packages and how it has benefited the company by gaining more profit and competitive advantage in business. The company followed the present structure of the organisation, i.e., the functional organisational structure while ERP was considered as one of the most effective system acquisition methods. The issues faced while managing business operations, system flowchart of sales and control issues had been included in this topic. The ways of developing and necessity of adopting a good accounting based on the size of the market for Myob was illustrated her as well. The current leaders in the market and ways of gaining competitive advantage as well as the issues experienced by users of accounting software packages had been included here too. References Abdelhak, M., Grostick, S. and Hanken, M.A., 2014.Health Information-E-Book: Management of a Strategic Resource. Elsevier Health Sciences. Abhayawansa, S. and Guthrie, J., 2014. Importance of intellectual capital information: a study of Australian analyst reports.Australian Accounting Review,24(1), pp.66-83. Arvidsson, V., Holmstrm, J. and Lyytinen, K., 2014. Information systems use as strategy practice: A multi-dimensional view of strategic information system implementation and use.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,23(1), pp.45-61. Boonstra, A., 2013. How do top managers support strategic information system projects and why do they sometimes withhold this support?.International Journal of Project Management,31(4), pp.498-512. Bradshaw, A., Pulakanam, V. and Cragg, P., 2015. Knowledge Sharing in IT Consultant and SME Interactions.Australasian Journal of Information Systems,19. Cragg, P., Mills, A. and Suraweera, T., 2013. The Influence of IT management sophistication and IT support on IT success in small and medium?sized enterprises.Journal of Small Business Management,51(4), pp.617-636. Haux, R., Winter, A., Ammenwerth, E. and Brigl, B., 2013.Strategic information management in hospitals: an introduction to hospital information systems. Springer Science Business Media. Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2016.Management information system. Pearson Education India. Lin, W.S. and Wang, C.H., 2012. Antecedences to continued intentions of adopting e-learning system in blended learning instruction: A contingency framework based on models of information system success and task-technology fit.Computers Education,58(1), pp.88-99. Myob.com. (2017). Accounting Software Online Business Solutions | MYOB Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.myob.com [Accessed 22 Aug. 2017]. Pearlson, K.E., Saunders, C.S. and Galletta, D.F., 2016.Managing and Using Information Systems, Binder Ready Version: A Strategic Approach. John Wiley Sons. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016.The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Spraakman, G., O'Grady, W., Askarany, D. and Akroyd, C., 2015. Employers Perceptions of information technology competency requirements for management accounting graduates.Accounting Education,24(5), pp.403-422. Willcocks, L., 2013.Information management: the evaluation of information systems investments. Springer. Wu, Y., Cegielski, C.G., Hazen, B.T. and Hall, D.J., 2013. Cloud computing in support of supply chain information system infrastructure: understanding when to go to the cloud.Journal of Supply Chain Management,49(3), pp.25-41. Yigitbasioglu, O., Mackenzie, K. and Low, R., 2013. Cloud Computing: How does it differ from IT outsourcing and what are the implications for practice and research?.The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research,13, pp.99-121.

Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice Essay Example

Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice Essay PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORIES in the APPLICATION of CRIMINAL JUSTICE Mark P. Robertson Deviant Behavior Instructor Tomasina Cook EMPIRE STATE COLLEGE July 30, 2012 There are several Psychosocial Theories pertaining to human behavior. The relation of some of these theories can be directly applied to the Criminal Justice field. Theories focus on why some behavior develops, when and where the development begins, who is affected by it and may be particularly more susceptible, what signs or behaviors to look for, and what may be done to prevent it. Psychologist Terrie Moffitt proposed her Developmental Theory identifying two developmental ‘paths’ or ‘patterns’ in which an individual may exhibit. Moffitt claims that criminal behavior can mainly be classified into one of these categories. Moffitt states that the ‘Life-Course-Persistent (LCP) offender’ continues their antisocial ways and behavior across or throughout all kinds of conditions and situations, and throughout the life course (or life span). This is a developmental path in which the offender shows various psychological and antisocial difficulty, and defiance on a consistent basis at an early age, on through youth and adolescence, and further into adulthood and beyond. It appears as though once LCP’s become involved in a deviant and offensive lifestyle they continue and increase their offending as they grow older. Young children as LCP’s often show evidence of this developmental ‘path’ in ways such as wild temper tantrums and mood swings, to biting and hitting. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As adolescents, LCP’s show signs such as truancy, shoplifting and substance abuse. This may seem like rather common or somewhat ‘normal’ behavior for many younger individuals, and in many cases it is. However, when the young person or adolescent does not ‘grow-out’ of this phase or behavioral ‘pattern’, it can progress into adulthood. The adult LCP may often develop such behavior as robbery, rape, child abuse, even murder. Adult LCP’s show high levels of antisocial behavior, and are almost exclusively male in gender. The offending might even escalate, with the offenses and behavior becoming more violent in nature, more erratic, and unpredictable. As stated earlier, some criminal behavior may be seen or viewed as relatively ‘normal’ behavior for younger individuals, especially males. In fact, most young individuals do ‘grow-up and out’ of this, and choose (whether voluntarily or involuntarily) another developmental pathway. They may offend or display some type of criminal or ‘bad’ behavior as children, adolescents, or young adults, but usually stop in their late-teens to early twenties. Terrie Moffitt states that these ‘youths’ are ‘Adolescent-Limited (AL) offenders’, and these individuals usually do not have or display the early developmental, persistent antisocial, or problem behavioral histories as their LCP counterparts. However the case may be, there is an occasional commonality between LCP and AL youth. Often times, the frequency and severity of offending among LCP and AL youth, is ‘mirrored’. The patterns of offending between them can be almost identical, but with the onset of young adulthood looming near, these patterns then abruptly change. For many reasons, the AL youth realizes that continued offending will not lead to any sort of positive outcome, and he or she then stops. Ultimately, when applied in a criminal justice setting, Moffitt’s developmental theory of the LCP person and the AL person shows that the AL ‘criminals’ or ‘delinquents’ have the ability, or at the very least, are more likely to regain control of their lives. They desist in their malevolent and/or devious behavior when they begin to mature and evolve into a more social, conventional, realistic, and ‘acceptable’ person. The LCP ‘criminal’ or ‘delinquent’ maintains their malevolent behavior, possibly and usually escalating into a more antisocial, unpredictable and dangerous person. LCP’s generally have long histories wrought with aggressive and violent crimes, with genuine ‘disregard’ for legality, posing as a ‘threat’ to everyone. Psychologist Erik Erikson proposed another theory of Psychosocial Development, which focuses on ‘Stages’. He states that each stage plays a major role in the development of personality and psychological ‘skills’. Erikson says there are a series of eight stages, coinciding with infancy to late adulthood, in which a person experiences different ‘challenges’. Each stage requires the successful completion of the prior stage to move onto the next, otherwise incomplete stages may reappear in the future and pose potential problems. However, absolute perfection or mastery of a stage is not necessary. Erikson’s developmental stages are as follows: 1. Hopes: Trust vs. Mistrust (Oral-Sensory, Birth – 2 yrs) 2. Will: Autonomy vs. Shame Doubt (Muscular-Anal, 2 -4 yrs) 3. Purpose: Initiative vs. Guilt (Locomotor-Genital, Preschool, 4 -5 yrs) 4. Competence: Industry vs. Inferiority (Latency, 5 – 12 yrs) 5. Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence, 13 – 19 yrs) 6. Love: Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood, 20 – 24, or 20 – 40 yrs) 7. Care: Generativist vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood, 25 – 64, or 40 – 64 yrs) 8. Wisdom: Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood, 65 – death) In regards to Erik Erikson’s developmental theory of the ‘Stages’, there is particular importance in relation to the criminal justice field. Stage 5, (Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion) plays a key role in psychosocial ability and behavior. ‘Identity’ is unique to every individual. There may be a distinct correlation between identity and why some people stray from the ‘norms’ of society and venture off into a life of deviant or criminal activity. This is especially true when it involves young people. Young people/persons are quite easily influenced, and impressionable. It is a very critical and important time in one’s life, trapped somewhere between childhood and adulthood. It is a period of extreme change, extreme choices, and big decisions. Lack of one’s own identity, confusion, and the need and desire to belong, or to ‘fit in’ somewhere, can and often does provoke irrational thought. The inability or difficulty to become accepted by one’s peers gives way to potentially ‘bad’ choices. This can be especially difficult for certain cultural, ethnic, and societal groups. For example, inner-city youth (regardless of race) who grow up in areas with higher crime rates and/or criminal activity, or lower-income families (many with only one parental figure) are by default, at higher risk of ‘exposure’ to criminal activity. They in essence, have little or almost no chance of meeting or interacting with (or being influenced by) someone from the suburbs, or the country (rural areas), where criminal activity is lower. These inner-city youths are more frequently exposed to crime (it is sometimes all they see and know), and without ‘positive’ influence, they are more susceptible to adopt an ‘identity’ relative and according to what they experience on a regular basis. They believe that is the ‘norm’ and in turn, they tend to lean towards what they believe. Rather than having no identity at all, and having the desire to ‘fit in’ somewhere, they naturally fall into place. Unfortunately, the choice(s) for these youths are often very limited, and this is a major problem. This may be a reason why Hans J. Eysenck developed his psychosocial development theory of Personality and Crime. Hans J. Eysenck’s theory is regarded as one of the most influential psychological perspectives on crime today. (Cale, 2006) Eysenck states that criminal behavior is the result of an interaction between certain environmental conditions and certain features of the nervous system. In other words, certain types of personalities, combined with certain types of surroundings, lead to certain types of criminal activity. This equates to a perfect combination of attributes which are a recipe for juvenile, delinquent, and/or criminal behavior. This theory is unlike most contemporary theories of crime, because Eysenck heavily emphasizes that genetic predispositions are largely responsible for antisocial and criminal conduct. Theoretically, some people are just ‘born different’ from the majority of the population, and their genetics result in their inability to adapt and conform to society’s rules, regulations, and expectancies. Therein lays the problem. To assist Eysenck in measuring different variables of, and predisposure to commit crimes and offenses, he developed several ‘questionnaires’. The best known questionnaire would be the British Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI). Additional editions would be the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R). These questionnaires can be very helpful in providing researchers with valuable insight on how personality traits may coincide with criminality however it is not yet ‘conclusive’ research. Although Eysenck’s theory of Personality and Crime cannot be definitively proven, it is still worth looking at. Criminal justice practitioners would be wise to examine and contemplate its useful and unique suggestions. While there are still several theories on psychosocial development to be discussed, Gerald Patterson’s ‘Coercion Developmental Theory’ is in alignment with Terrie Moffitt’s theory. Patterson states and believes that ‘early starters are at greater risk for more serious criminal offending’. (Bartol and Bartol, p. 65) Patterson theorizes that while early starters are at greater risk, he focuses on how the parents and their roles with their children are more important, and much more instrumental. Essentially when young children experience different types of ‘traumatic’ events (e. g. ivorce, family violence, inconsistent parental discipline), they are prone to or are at greater likelihood to begin using or displaying ‘coercive behavior’. Coercive behavior can become the child’s way of avoiding or escaping his or her immediate (parental, social) environment. This ‘coercive’ behavior could be as minor or u nassuming as lying, temper tantrums, or whining. Eventually this coercive behavior becomes the child’s ‘go to’ strategy to obtain the desired result(s) he or she wants. If left unchecked, or uncorrected by parents, the problem behavior can be prolonged, well into adolescence and on to adulthood. Therefore, parents need to gain and maintain control, in a non-threatening, non-demanding, appropriate way, as early as the coercive behavior is recognized. Summarizing that society has no shortage of people with some type of developmental disability that inhibits or prohibits their behavior, it can usually be traced back or down to its source. In conclusion, the theories discussed here can assist in narrowing down the ‘root’ causes of or perhaps the reasons why some individuals seem to veer astray from societal normality. Whether the causes or reasons are psychological, developmental, or environmental in nature, criminal justice practitioners can utilize these theories to evaluate, and possibly explain the behavior of those in question. REFERENCES, NOTES, and CITATIONS 1. Criminal Behavior: A Psychosocial Approach, 8th Edition, By: Bartol and Bartol 2. Generalist Case Management: A Method of Human Service Delivery, 3rd Edition, By: Woodside and McClam 3. Online Research on Juvenile Delinquency and Criminal Behavior http://www. fbi. gov. juveniledelinquency. icr Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice Essay Example Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice Paper PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORIES in the APPLICATION of CRIMINAL JUSTICE Mark P. Robertson Deviant Behavior Instructor Tomasina Cook EMPIRE STATE COLLEGE July 30, 2012 There are several Psychosocial Theories pertaining to human behavior. The relation of some of these theories can be directly applied to the Criminal Justice field. Theories focus on why some behavior develops, when and where the development begins, who is affected by it and may be particularly more susceptible, what signs or behaviors to look for, and what may be done to prevent it. Psychologist Terrie Moffitt proposed her Developmental Theory identifying two developmental ‘paths’ or ‘patterns’ in which an individual may exhibit. Moffitt claims that criminal behavior can mainly be classified into one of these categories. Moffitt states that the ‘Life-Course-Persistent (LCP) offender’ continues their antisocial ways and behavior across or throughout all kinds of conditions and situations, and throughout the life course (or life span). This is a developmental path in which the offender shows various psychological and antisocial difficulty, and defiance on a consistent basis at an early age, on through youth and adolescence, and further into adulthood and beyond. It appears as though once LCP’s become involved in a deviant and offensive lifestyle they continue and increase their offending as they grow older. Young children as LCP’s often show evidence of this developmental ‘path’ in ways such as wild temper tantrums and mood swings, to biting and hitting. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Psychosocial Theories in Criminal Justice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As adolescents, LCP’s show signs such as truancy, shoplifting and substance abuse. This may seem like rather common or somewhat ‘normal’ behavior for many younger individuals, and in many cases it is. However, when the young person or adolescent does not ‘grow-out’ of this phase or behavioral ‘pattern’, it can progress into adulthood. The adult LCP may often develop such behavior as robbery, rape, child abuse, even murder. Adult LCP’s show high levels of antisocial behavior, and are almost exclusively male in gender. The offending might even escalate, with the offenses and behavior becoming more violent in nature, more erratic, and unpredictable. As stated earlier, some criminal behavior may be seen or viewed as relatively ‘normal’ behavior for younger individuals, especially males. In fact, most young individuals do ‘grow-up and out’ of this, and choose (whether voluntarily or involuntarily) another developmental pathway. They may offend or display some type of criminal or ‘bad’ behavior as children, adolescents, or young adults, but usually stop in their late-teens to early twenties. Terrie Moffitt states that these ‘youths’ are ‘Adolescent-Limited (AL) offenders’, and these individuals usually do not have or display the early developmental, persistent antisocial, or problem behavioral histories as their LCP counterparts. However the case may be, there is an occasional commonality between LCP and AL youth. Often times, the frequency and severity of offending among LCP and AL youth, is ‘mirrored’. The patterns of offending between them can be almost identical, but with the onset of young adulthood looming near, these patterns then abruptly change. For many reasons, the AL youth realizes that continued offending will not lead to any sort of positive outcome, and he or she then stops. Ultimately, when applied in a criminal justice setting, Moffitt’s developmental theory of the LCP person and the AL person shows that the AL ‘criminals’ or ‘delinquents’ have the ability, or at the very least, are more likely to regain control of their lives. They desist in their malevolent and/or devious behavior when they begin to mature and evolve into a more social, conventional, realistic, and ‘acceptable’ person. The LCP ‘criminal’ or ‘delinquent’ maintains their malevolent behavior, possibly and usually escalating into a more antisocial, unpredictable and dangerous person. LCP’s generally have long histories wrought with aggressive and violent crimes, with genuine ‘disregard’ for legality, posing as a ‘threat’ to everyone. Psychologist Erik Erikson proposed another theory of Psychosocial Development, which focuses on ‘Stages’. He states that each stage plays a major role in the development of personality and psychological ‘skills’. Erikson says there are a series of eight stages, coinciding with infancy to late adulthood, in which a person experiences different ‘challenges’. Each stage requires the successful completion of the prior stage to move onto the next, otherwise incomplete stages may reappear in the future and pose potential problems. However, absolute perfection or mastery of a stage is not necessary. Erikson’s developmental stages are as follows: 1. Hopes: Trust vs. Mistrust (Oral-Sensory, Birth – 2 yrs) 2. Will: Autonomy vs. Shame Doubt (Muscular-Anal, 2 -4 yrs) 3. Purpose: Initiative vs. Guilt (Locomotor-Genital, Preschool, 4 -5 yrs) 4. Competence: Industry vs. Inferiority (Latency, 5 – 12 yrs) 5. Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence, 13 – 19 yrs) 6. Love: Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood, 20 – 24, or 20 – 40 yrs) 7. Care: Generativist vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood, 25 – 64, or 40 – 64 yrs) 8. Wisdom: Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood, 65 – death) In regards to Erik Erikson’s developmental theory of the ‘Stages’, there is particular importance in relation to the criminal justice field. Stage 5, (Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion) plays a key role in psychosocial ability and behavior. ‘Identity’ is unique to every individual. There may be a distinct correlation between identity and why some people stray from the ‘norms’ of society and venture off into a life of deviant or criminal activity. This is especially true when it involves young people. Young people/persons are quite easily influenced, and impressionable. It is a very critical and important time in one’s life, trapped somewhere between childhood and adulthood. It is a period of extreme change, extreme choices, and big decisions. Lack of one’s own identity, confusion, and the need and desire to belong, or to ‘fit in’ somewhere, can and often does provoke irrational thought. The inability or difficulty to become accepted by one’s peers gives way to potentially ‘bad’ choices. This can be especially difficult for certain cultural, ethnic, and societal groups. For example, inner-city youth (regardless of race) who grow up in areas with higher crime rates and/or criminal activity, or lower-income families (many with only one parental figure) are by default, at higher risk of ‘exposure’ to criminal activity. They in essence, have little or almost no chance of meeting or interacting with (or being influenced by) someone from the suburbs, or the country (rural areas), where criminal activity is lower. These inner-city youths are more frequently exposed to crime (it is sometimes all they see and know), and without ‘positive’ influence, they are more susceptible to adopt an ‘identity’ relative and according to what they experience on a regular basis. They believe that is the ‘norm’ and in turn, they tend to lean towards what they believe. Rather than having no identity at all, and having the desire to ‘fit in’ somewhere, they naturally fall into place. Unfortunately, the choice(s) for these youths are often very limited, and this is a major problem. This may be a reason why Hans J. Eysenck developed his psychosocial development theory of Personality and Crime. Hans J. Eysenck’s theory is regarded as one of the most influential psychological perspectives on crime today. (Cale, 2006) Eysenck states that criminal behavior is the result of an interaction between certain environmental conditions and certain features of the nervous system. In other words, certain types of personalities, combined with certain types of surroundings, lead to certain types of criminal activity. This equates to a perfect combination of attributes which are a recipe for juvenile, delinquent, and/or criminal behavior. This theory is unlike most contemporary theories of crime, because Eysenck heavily emphasizes that genetic predispositions are largely responsible for antisocial and criminal conduct. Theoretically, some people are just ‘born different’ from the majority of the population, and their genetics result in their inability to adapt and conform to society’s rules, regulations, and expectancies. Therein lays the problem. To assist Eysenck in measuring different variables of, and predisposure to commit crimes and offenses, he developed several ‘questionnaires’. The best known questionnaire would be the British Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI). Additional editions would be the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R). These questionnaires can be very helpful in providing researchers with valuable insight on how personality traits may coincide with criminality however it is not yet ‘conclusive’ research. Although Eysenck’s theory of Personality and Crime cannot be definitively proven, it is still worth looking at. Criminal justice practitioners would be wise to examine and contemplate its useful and unique suggestions. While there are still several theories on psychosocial development to be discussed, Gerald Patterson’s ‘Coercion Developmental Theory’ is in alignment with Terrie Moffitt’s theory. Patterson states and believes that ‘early starters are at greater risk for more serious criminal offending’. (Bartol and Bartol, p. 65) Patterson theorizes that while early starters are at greater risk, he focuses on how the parents and their roles with their children are more important, and much more instrumental. Essentially when young children experience different types of ‘traumatic’ events (e. g. ivorce, family violence, inconsistent parental discipline), they are prone to or are at greater likelihood to begin using or displaying ‘coercive behavior’. Coercive behavior can become the child’s way of avoiding or escaping his or her immediate (parental, social) environment. This ‘coercive’ behavior could be as minor or u nassuming as lying, temper tantrums, or whining. Eventually this coercive behavior becomes the child’s ‘go to’ strategy to obtain the desired result(s) he or she wants. If left unchecked, or uncorrected by parents, the problem behavior can be prolonged, well into adolescence and on to adulthood. Therefore, parents need to gain and maintain control, in a non-threatening, non-demanding, appropriate way, as early as the coercive behavior is recognized. Summarizing that society has no shortage of people with some type of developmental disability that inhibits or prohibits their behavior, it can usually be traced back or down to its source. In conclusion, the theories discussed here can assist in narrowing down the ‘root’ causes of or perhaps the reasons why some individuals seem to veer astray from societal normality. Whether the causes or reasons are psychological, developmental, or environmental in nature, criminal justice practitioners can utilize these theories to evaluate, and possibly explain the behavior of those in question. REFERENCES, NOTES, and CITATIONS 1. Criminal Behavior: A Psychosocial Approach, 8th Edition, By: Bartol and Bartol 2. Generalist Case Management: A Method of Human Service Delivery, 3rd Edition, By: Woodside and McClam 3. Online Research on Juvenile Delinquency and Criminal Behavior http://www. fbi. gov. juveniledelinquency. icr

Crossing the Line essays

Crossing the Line essays What creates controversy? Controversy is caused when an idea or a thought contradicts the traditional social norms. But without ideas, we would not be where we are today. Art has seen so much metamorphosis that comparing classical art and contemporary art one sees drastic differences. Thus innovation and recreation has become almost obligatory to maintain arts fluidity. Controversial art is merely a terminology for original and creative thinking. Art is not a crime. Art should cross the line. It exists to provoke thought and controversy. Throughout history, when society was conservative, among the first to be attacked are artistic institutions. Literature, music, art, cries of, "pornography," "values," and "taste". Without these aspects then art would be monotonous. Controversial artist making headlines is, Chris Cooper, better known as, Coop. Coop is probably best known to America as the artist responsible for an embarrassing painting of a pair of naked women, represented as female devils engaging in graphic, explicit lesbian sex. The painting involving carnal pleasures between two women became the cover of the recent Lords of Acid album, Voodoo-U. The painting had also caused a national debate involving pornography and art. Coop's art, especially through his theme of a sexual woman as a devil, is misogynistic explaining that such vivid thoughts of sexuality could not come across a womans mind. This caused much uproar in the conservative and ignorant societys as it challenged every aspect of decent human society. Coop treads the same turf as Manet did in, "The Olympia," and Duchamp did with, "Le Voyeur," paintings that in their time stirred controversy to the censors as well, and inspired debates that have forced untold millions to question their beliefs, and the society that taught them. Thanks to controversial artists like Coop, Manet and Duchamp the debate concerning pornography and art will continue, a...

Annexation of the Philippines

Annexation of the Philippines It is a controversial question, but I believe that it was a necessary and wise decision because it freed the Filipinos from the devastating Spanish force. It also benefited to the United States because they opened trade ports for various goods and services and broadened business interests. It also served as a fueling and repair station for U. S. naval vessels and ships. It also contributed to their imperialism, because if they annexed hadnt the Philippines, the countries of Japan, France would have possible seized the islands. Expansionism helps the United States grow as a country, and expansion into the Philippines would grant more power to the United States as a world leader. It was argued that after rescue from Spanish rule, USA could not simply leave the Philippines out in the cold to ultimately fail without assistance from a superior civilization. Another reason the United States should annex the Philippines is that with the Philippines the U. S. would have great natural benefits. Not only will there be many natural resources, but also the Philippines geographic location will benefit the U. S. in future warfare and trading. The Philippines would provide new markets and cheap labor, which would help the U. S. s overall economy. But annexing wont just help the U. S. The people of the Philippines would also benefit. The U. S. would establish a democratic society. People would work for wages and the economy would rise. U. S. inventions would be introduced to improve living conditions, such as, plumbing, electricity, and better structured homes. Some of the people of the Philippines may think that this process would be taking advantage of them, but they dont realize that both countries would benefit with the annexation of the Philippines.

Computres Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Computres - Essay Example Weaving looms for executing mechanical calculations. First generation computers (1940-1956) were extremely large, unreliable and costly. They used vacuum tubes; the size of light bulbs, which generated a lot of heat. This made heat regulation and climate control difficult. The second generation computers (1956-1963) used transistors that were smaller than vacuum tubes. They were more reliable and consumed less heat (Cosper, 2013; Morley& Parker, 2009,) Third generation computers (1964-1971) referred to as the IBM 370 series, which came in different sizes. They were mostly used for scientific and business purposes. The third generation computers used integrated circuit technology and microchips were used as memory. Fourth generation computers (1971-present) saw the rise of personal computers (PC). Apple introduced apple I (1976) and II (1977) marshalling the wide use of computers at home. Software industry started growing, with apple and Microsoft being the main companies. 1990s saw a rise in multimedia culture with the discovery of World Wide Web that created interest in computers. Professions embraced software to improve products and services. In the early 2000s, computers began to become integrated with TV. Literature review Why is computer innovation good for society? The innovation of the digital edge has reshaped the way society operates on a daily basis. It is worth noting that computers have technology has unfolded a change of time. Implications of computer use on society are so diverse. Computers have helped in the creation of information. Computer innovation has made it easy and quick to create information. In order for society to grow, information is an essential factor in the advancement of political, social, economic, environmental and health asseveration. Computers have made it possible for society to generate information that is useful in economic decisions. For instance, business software development makes it easy for professionals to carry out t heir duties precisely and in a sustainable manner. On a higher note, computer innovation has also helped in transmission of information. Timely and up to date information is possible through computing. Initially, information was transmitted through signals like fire, using word of mouth and letters. In some instances, information never reached the intended recipients. However, computer innovations along with other internet technological advancements have made it effortless for people to communicate in a fraction of a second. People are able to communicate with friends and relatives who are worlds apart through emails and video chatting. Other social media platform communication like Facebook and Twitter has improved the way populace network (Wright, 2012). Computers have also played a chief role in entertainment provision through computer games and animations. Other features like e-learning provide an opportunity for learners to access education at the comfort of their homes. This s aves on cost as a person does not essentially have to be physically in attendance to the learning institution. Bank holders can access information on their financial status at any time through internet banking. Computer innovation has resulted in job creation for millions of people around the globe. New careers have resulted from computer innovations such as information technology experts and software developers. Every